Human Geography Human Geography Since 1945 human geography has contained five main divisions. The first four—economic, social, cultural, and political—reflect both the main areas of contemporary life and the social science disciplines with which geographers interact (i.e., economics, sociology, anthropology, and political science and international relations, respectively); the fifth is historical geography.
Yankee
n ickname
A race or population of the United States, especially those living in New England (Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut), is called Yankees. The word is often associated with qualities such as courage, health, resourcefulness, and protection. During the American Civil War (1861–65) and in the years that followed, Southerners used the term to refer to Union soldiers and others from the North.
The origin of the word is unknown. The Oxford English Dictionary says that "perhaps the most reliable guess" is that it comes from the Dutch word Janke, short for Jan (John). It is said to have been used as an insult by the British military in 1775. a Many good ideas have been put forward. An unknown tribe of Massachusetts Indians, the Yancos ("Invincibles"), were said to have been conquered by the brave New Englanders who took their name. The Virginians protested that the word meant savage or slave and was derived from the Cherokee word eankke; these and many other theories on the origin of Yankee and Yankee graffiti are explored in a study by Oscar G. Sonneck (1873-1928) for the Library of Congress, which recapitulates them all: The Star introduced "The Star-Spangled Banner," "Viva Colombia," "America," and "Yankee Doodle" (1909).
people
A Creole is a person of European (usually French or Mexican) or African descent born in the West Indies or parts of France or Spanish America (and therefore in those areas rather than in the country of naturalization of the parents). The term has been used in many contexts, often contradictory or varying geographically.
In Spanish colonial America, although Spaniards and Creoles were legally equal, Creoles were often excluded from high positions in church and government. Discrimination stemmed from the Spanish Crown's policy of rewarding Spanish interests with valuable and rewarding jobs while excluding Creoles from these jobs and restricting their ability to work. Immigrants from Spain, especially in the 18th century (called gachupines and chapetones in Mexico and South America, respectively), were successful in the colonial marketplace and made Creole a popular force. Creole-led revolutions eliminated colonial power in Spanish America in the early 19th century. After independence in Mexico, Peru, and elsewhere, Creoles entered the ruling class. They cooperated very carefully with high-ranking priests, military men, large landowners, and later with foreign investors.
In the West Indies, the name creole was previously used to refer to any person of European descent, but the term is now used more broadly to refer to all races, regardless of race or origin - European, African, Asian, Indian - yes. It is part of Caribbean culture. In French Guiana, the term refers to people who have adopted the European way of life, regardless of skin color; in the US state of Louisiana, it sometimes refers to the French-speaking white descendants of the first French and Mexican settlers, while in other places it refers to blacks and whites who speak part of the French and Spanish mixed race. a In many parts of Latin America, the word Creole has many names: it can refer to someone born of pure Spanish ancestry; an old family; or it simply refers to a member of the urban European class, as opposed to the rural population. In countries such as Peru, the name Creole describes a particular way of life. The main results of this lifestyle are the ability to speak intelligently and persuasively on various topics, the ability to turn situations to one's advantage, the quality of the man (masculinity), showing pride in the country and participation in social activities. celebration of potential and other activities through social relationships. interest of the person;
people
Nisei (Japanese: "second generation") are the sons or daughters of Japanese people born and educated in the United States. During World War II, following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941), all Japanese in the western United States were forced to leave their homes due to great stress and moved to underground shelters. The U.S. government claimed that due to public pressure, propaganda and military actions, the U.S. government established the Department of War by Executive Order (March 18, 1942) implementing Mass Evacuation Order No. 9066.
During the spring and summer of 1942, under the Western Defense Command, 110,000 Japanese Americans (including some foreigners) were interned in 10 remote combat zones from the Sierra Nevada to the Mississippi River. The impoverished soldiers in these camps provided inadequate "work" for the adults and minimal education for the children. By the time the evacuation was complete, American forces had gained control of the Pacific, and the threat of invasion by Japan had been eliminated. After being personally supervised by the nursery to prove their reliability, 17,600 Nissins served in numerous U.S. armies;
In 1988, the U.S. government apologized for the study and passed legislation that provided partial severance pay to approximately 60,000 Japanese American survivors, thus meeting the demand for compensation for losses and injuries suffered by refugees during the war.
people
Settlers, independent landowners who worked the land in New France in the 17th and 18th centuries. Residents varied between agricultural laborers and temporary workers. By the late 18th century, the word "settler" was used to refer to anyone living in rural areas who made a living by growing crops, even if they did not own land.
An independent landowner
In 17th- and 18th-century New France, residents were independent landowners who built homes. Their status came with certain rights and obligations. For example, in the early days of the colony, only citizens were allowed to participate in the small-scale fur trade. Immigrants (immigrant indentures), volunteers, and soldiers were prohibited from working in the economy. The population was divided into private farmers (households) and casual workers (farmers, laborers, and seasonal workers).
There were two ways to acquire land in New France. In the early days of the colony, only one owner (corporate or individual) would grant a parcel of land. In exchange for this grant, the censitaire (tenant) agreed to pay rent and interest (called cens et rentes) to the landlord. The owner could take back the undeveloped land (called the "land"), but the residents could not give it back. However, since he had absolute title to the property, he could sell it to others. The owner has the right of revocation, so in theory the residents must first hand over the land to him. The land can be sold or transferred by the entitled resident or his heirs.
Land acquisition
The word "rent" refers not only to the annual payment made by the tenant to the landlord, but also to the interest due from the debtor to the debtor. At a certain date each year, the landlord must pay the unpaid rent (interest) to the former landlord when he starts dealing with the insurer. The rent, although low by today's standards, is usually annual, and when the occupant dies, the balance and rent must be paid by his heirs. This is not the same as expecting a landlord or vendor to seize a property for unpaid rent. With a few exceptions, eighteenth-century owners, merchants, and traders seem to have refused to let their lands rest. To expand the size of their holdings, the inhabitants of the "first" - the largest farmers - sometimes seize land from their neighbors, for which they provide livestock, labor, or money. These wealthy people often hold positions such as the military or the church.
Standard of living
It is difficult to judge the lifestyle of the inhabitants because they were different. The autopsy inventory does not necessarily include everything in the house. Months or years after the record holder's death, clothing and other everyday items may be distributed before being sold. The financial impact of paying tithes and various feudal taxes (theoretically) varies depending on the size and age of the census. Only in times of war or when supplies are available from local authorities can the inhabitants take what is left of the city to sell, exchange with merchants for other goods, or save to support their families. Other factors that affect a family's financial situation include distance from the grocery store and the current stage of the family's life cycle (newlyweds, families with young children, etc.).
Legacy
The terms used to describe residents have changed over the years. In the late 18th century, the term "native" was used to refer to anyone living in rural areas and growing crops, even if they did not own land. In the 20th century, the word "settled" has a negative connotation, referring to someone who does not have "fashionable" urban characteristics.
The inhabitants are a recurring theme in the work of Quebec painters such as Cornelius Krieghoff, Horatio Walker, and Clarence Gagnon. The inhabitants were a key figure in the development of tourism in Quebec in the early 20th century, promoting rural life and history in the province. Texts and travel books helped spread the idea that rural people lived a life similar to that of their ancestors in New France. These paintings and tourists gave residents a glamorous image of French Canada, an image that lasted until the Quiet Revolution in the 1960s.
people
The Aleuts are an indigenous people of the Aleutian Islands of western North America and the western part of the Alaska Peninsula. The name Aleut is of Russian origin; depending on the language, the people call themselves Unangan or Unangas (plural of UnangaxÌ) and Sugpiat (plural of Sugpiaq). The Sugpiat changed the Russian-introduced Aleut name to "Alutiiq", and many Kodiak Islanders identify with this name. The two groups are spoken interchangeably and are closely related to the Eskimos, both linguistically and culturally.
The earliest inhabitants of the area were the ancient Aleuts, who arrived in the Aleutian Islands from mainland Alaska around 2000 BC. The ancient Unangax (Aleut) village was located on the coast near fresh water, had a good dock for boats, and was safe from attack. The villages of these places have long been united by many traditions.
The traditional Unangakos village is mostly made up of related families and extended families living in well-insulated semi-subterranean houses. Kinship is calculated through the mother's lineage. Leaders are usually hunters who have the skill and knowledge to rule several villages or entire islands. However, their authority is based on wisdom, experience, and consensus building rather than sheer force.
Unangax traditionally hunted seals, sea otters, whales, sea lions, and sometimes walruses, and in some areas, caribou and bears. Single and double canoes called canoes and baidarkas were used, as well as large, open-top boats called umiaks (umiaq or umiat). Unangaque women gathered wild foods such as fish, birds, mollusks, and fruits, and made beautiful baskets of grasses. Stone, bone, and ivory were used to make vessels, needles, awls, batteries, and other items.
The Unangans first encountered Russian colonists in 1741, when an expedition led by Vitus Bering reached the Aleutian Islands. Russian rule was quickly established, particularly due to the influence of a large group of Russian and Siberian hunters who wintered in the Aleutian Islands in 1745. Russian courts followed. In the years that followed, Russian companies treated the Unangans as they treated their own rural populations: as laborers, even more as laborers concerned with hair than agriculture.
By the 1830s, the Unangan way of life had been severely disrupted. Further damage occurred in the 19th century, when gold was discovered in Alaska, drawing prospectors to the area. The Unanga population was greatly reduced in foreign policy: at the time of first contact, the Unanga numbered about 25,000, but by the end of the 19th century only 2,000 remained. By the 20th century, however, the Unanga had developed many forms of culture, including language, crafts, hunting and gathering. During this time, the Unangan and other northern tribes also became more active in their relations with the US and Canadian governments.
